BASIC COMMANDS

Command	Description
git init	Create new repository
git clone <url>	Copy existing repo
git status	Check what changed
git add <file>	Stage a file
git add .	Stage all files
git commit -m "msg"	Save snapshot
git log --oneline	View commit history
git diff	See unstaged changes

BRANCHING

Command	Description
git branch	List all branches
git branch <name>	Create new branch
git switch <name>	Switch to branch
git switch -c <name>	Create + switch
git merge <branch>	Merge into current
git branch -d <name>	Delete branch

SYNC WITH GITHUB

Command	Description
git remote add origin <url>	Link to GitHub
git push -u origin main	First push
git push	Upload commits
git pull	Download + merge
git fetch	Download only

UNDO CHANGES

Command	Description
git reset <file>	Unstage a file
git reset --soft HEAD~1	Undo commit (keep changes)
git reset --hard HEAD~1	Undo commit (delete changes)
git checkout -- <file>	Discard file changes
git commit --amend -m "new"	Rewrite last message

GITHUB CLI (gh)

Command	Description
gh auth login	Login to GitHub
gh repo create <name>	Create repository
gh pr create	Create pull request
gh pr checkout <#>	Checkout PR locally
gh issue list	View open issues
gh issue create	Create new issue

COMMON ERRORS

Error	Solution
fatal: not a git repository	Run git init or git clone
rejected (non-fast-forward)	Run git pull then git push
detached HEAD	Run git switch <branch>
Merge conflicts	Edit files → git add → git commit

.GITIGNORE ENTRIES

Entry	Ignores
node_modules/	Node packages
.env	Environment variables
.DS_Store	Mac system files
dist/	Build output
*.log	Log files
coverage/	Test coverage

STASHING

Command	Description
git stash	Save uncommitted work
git stash list	View stashes
git stash pop	Apply + remove stash
git stash apply	Apply keep stash
git stash drop	Delete stash

TAGS

Command	Description
git tag v1.0	Create tag
git tag	List all tags
git push origin v1.0	Push tag to GitHub
git push --tags	Push all tags
git tag -d v1.0	Delete local tag

USEFUL ALIASES

Alias Command	Shortcut For
git config --global alias.co checkout	git co
git config --global alias.br branch	git br
git config --global alias.st status	git st
git config --global alias.unstage 'reset HEAD --'	git unstage
git config --global alias.last 'log -1 HEAD'	git last

VIEWING HISTORY

Command	Description
git log --oneline --graph	Pretty history tree
git log --author="name"	Filter by author
git log --since="2 days ago"	Time filter
git show <commit-id>	See commit details

PULL REQUEST WORKFLOW

Step	Command/Action
1	git checkout -b feature
2	Make changes to code
3	git add .
4	git commit -m "message"
5	git push origin feature
6	Open GitHub → Click “Compare & pull request”
7	Request review
8	Merge after approval

MARKDOWN FOR README

Syntax	Result
# Title	H1 heading
## Subtitle	H2 heading
**bold**	bold
*italic*	italic
- item	bullet point
1. item	numbered list
[text](url)	hyperlink
`code`	inline code
```code block```	code block

1000

GITHUB CHEATSHEET (1000+ Rows – Complete Reference)

SECTION 1: GIT CONFIGURATION

Command	Description
git config --global user.name "Name"	Set username
git config --global user.email "email"	Set email
git config --global --list	List all config
git config --global core.editor "code --wait"	Set VS Code as editor
git config --global init.defaultBranch main	Set default branch name
git config --global alias.co checkout	Create alias for checkout
git config --global alias.br branch	Create alias for branch
git config --global alias.st status	Create alias for status
git config --global alias.unstage 'reset HEAD --'	Alias for unstage
git config --global alias.last 'log -1 HEAD'	Alias for last commit
git config --global alias.tree 'log --graph --oneline --all'	Alias for tree view
git config --global color.ui auto	Enable colors
git config --global pull.rebase false	Set pull behavior
git config --global rebase.autoStash true	Auto stash on rebase
git config --global credential.helper cache	Cache credentials
git config --global credential.helper 'cache --timeout=3600'	Cache for 1 hour
git config --global core.autocrlf true	Handle line endings (Windows)
git config --global core.autocrlf input	Handle line endings (Mac/Linux)
git config --global core.excludesfile ~/.gitignore_global	Global gitignore
git config --global help.autocorrect 1	Auto-correct typos

SECTION 2: INITIALIZATION & SETUP

Command	Description
git init	Create empty repo
git init <directory>	Create repo in specific dir
git init --bare	Create bare repo (server)
git init --template=<template-dir>	Use custom template
git clone <url>	Clone repo
git clone <url> <dir>	Clone to specific dir
git clone --branch <branch> <url>	Clone specific branch
git clone --depth 1 <url>	Shallow clone (no history)
git clone --recursive <url>	Clone with submodules
git clone --single-branch <url>	Clone only one branch
git clone --filter=blob:none <url>	Partial clone
git remote add origin <url>	Add remote
git remote add upstream <url>	Add second remote
git remote -v	List remotes
git remote show origin	Show remote details
git remote rename origin upstream	Rename remote
git remote remove origin	Remove remote
git remote set-url origin <new-url>	Change remote URL

SECTION 3: BASIC FILE OPERATIONS

Command	Description
git add <file>	Stage specific file
git add <file1> <file2>	Stage multiple files
git add .	Stage all changes (new+modified)
git add --all	Stage all including deletions
git add -A	Same as –all
git add -u	Stage modified+deleted only
git add -p	Stage interactively (patch)
git add -i	Interactive staging
git add --dry-run	Preview what will be staged
git add --ignore-removal	Ignore deleted files
git rm <file>	Remove file + stage deletion
git rm --cached <file>	Remove from Git but keep locally
git rm -r <dir>	Remove directory
git rm -f <file>	Force remove
git mv <old> <new>	Move/rename file
git mv -f <old> <new>	Force move
git restore <file>	Unstage + restore file
git restore --staged <file>	Unstage only
git restore --source=HEAD <file>	Restore from HEAD
git restore --source=<commit> <file>	Restore from specific commit

SECTION 4: COMMITTING

Command	Description
git commit -m "message"	Commit with message
git commit -a -m "message"	Add all + commit
git commit --amend -m "new"	Amend last commit message
git commit --amend --no-edit	Add changes to last commit
git commit --amend --author="Name <email>"	Change author
git commit --date="2024-01-01"	Set custom date
git commit -m "title" -m "description"	Multi-line message
git commit --allow-empty	Commit with no changes
git commit --signoff	Add Signed-off-by
git commit --verbose	Show diff in editor
git commit --dry-run	Preview what will commit
git commit --fixup=<commit>	Mark as fixup for rebase
git commit --squash=<commit>	Mark as squash for rebase
git commit --reset-author	Reset author to yourself

SECTION 5: STATUS & INFORMATION

Command	Description
git status	Show working tree status
git status -s	Short format
git status -b	Show branch info
git status --ignored	Show ignored files
git status --porcelain	Machine-readable format
git log	Show commit history
git log --oneline	One line per commit
git log --oneline --graph	With ASCII graph
git log --oneline --all	All branches
git log --oneline --decorate	Show refs
git log -n 5	Last 5 commits
git log --since="2 days ago"	Since time
git log --until="2024-01-01"	Until date
git log --author="name"	Filter by author
git log --grep="pattern"	Search commit messages
git log --grep="pattern" -i	Case insensitive
git log -- <file>	History of specific file
git log -p	Show diffs
git log --stat	Show stats
git log --pretty=format:"%h - %an: %s"	Custom format
git log --pretty=format:"%h %ad %s" --date=short	With date
git log --branches --not --remotes	Local only commits
git shortlog	Group by author
git shortlog -sn	Count commits per author
git shortlog -sne	With email
git show <commit>	Show commit details
git show <commit>:<file>	Show file from commit
git show HEAD~3	Show 3 commits back
git show HEAD^	Show parent commit
git show HEAD^^	Show grandparent
git show HEAD~5	Show 5 commits back
git diff	Unstaged changes
git diff --staged	Staged changes
git diff HEAD	All changes vs last commit
git diff <branch1> <branch2>	Between branches
git diff <commit1> <commit2>	Between commits
git diff --name-only	Only file names
git diff --stat	Statistics only
git diff --color-words	Word by word diff
git diff --cached	Same as –staged
git diff --summary	Summary of changes
git diff --check	Check whitespace errors
git diff -- <file>	Diff specific file
git diff --no-index <file1> <file2>	Diff non-git files
git ls-files	List tracked files
git ls-files --others	Untracked files
git ls-files --ignored	Ignored files
git ls-files --stage	With mode info
git ls-tree HEAD	List tree contents
git ls-remote origin	List remote refs
git count-objects	Count objects
git count-objects -v	Verbose
git rev-parse HEAD	Get current commit hash
git rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD	Current branch name
git describe	Describe commit
git describe --tags	With tags
git name-rev <hash>	Name a revision

SECTION 6: BRANCHING

Command	Description
git branch	List local branches
git branch -r	List remote branches
git branch -a	List all branches
git branch -v	Last commit on each
git branch -vv	With upstream tracking
git branch --merged	Branches merged into current
git branch --no-merged	Branches not merged
git branch --contains <commit>	Branches containing commit
git branch <name>	Create branch
git branch <name> <start-point>	Create from specific point
git branch -m <old> <new>	Rename branch
git branch -m <new>	Rename current branch
git branch -M <new>	Force rename
git branch -d <name>	Delete branch
git branch -D <name>	Force delete
git branch -dr <remote/branch>	Delete remote branch
git branch --unset-upstream	Remove upstream tracking
git branch --set-upstream-to=<remote>/<branch>	Set upstream
git branch -u <remote>/<branch>	Set upstream (short)
git branch --edit-description	Edit branch description
git branch --show-current	Show current branch
git branch --list "pattern*"	List matching pattern
git branch --sort=-committerdate	Sort by date
git branch --format='%(refname:short)'	Custom output format
git switch <branch>	Switch branch
git switch -c <branch>	Create + switch
git switch -C <branch>	Force create + switch
git switch --detach <commit>	Detached HEAD state
git switch --discard-changes <branch>	Discard local changes
git switch --merge <branch>	Merge changes when switching
git checkout <branch>	Switch branch (old way)
git checkout -b <branch>	Create + switch (old way)
git checkout -B <branch>	Force create + switch
git checkout --track <remote>/<branch>	Create tracking branch
git checkout --orphan <branch>	Create branch without history

SECTION 7: MERGING

Command	Description
git merge <branch>	Merge branch into current
git merge --no-ff <branch>	No fast-forward
git merge --ff-only <branch>	Fast-forward only
git merge --squash <branch>	Squash commits
git merge --abort	Abort merge
git merge --continue	Continue after conflicts
git merge --no-commit	Merge without commit
git merge --edit	Edit merge message
git merge --log	Add commit log to message
git merge --stat	Show diffstat
git merge --verify-signatures	Verify GPG signatures
git merge --strategy=ours	Use ours strategy
git merge --strategy=theirs	Use theirs strategy
git merge --strategy-option=patience	Patience algorithm
git merge --strategy-option=ignore-space-change	Ignore whitespace
git merge-tree <base> <ours> <theirs>	Preview merge
git merge-base <commit1> <commit2>	Find common ancestor
git merge-base --all <commit1> <commit2>	All common ancestors
git merge-base --fork-point <branch>	Fork point

SECTION 8: REBASING

Command	Description
git rebase <branch>	Rebase current onto branch
git rebase --onto <newbase> <upstream>	Rebase onto different base
git rebase -i <branch>	Interactive rebase
git rebase -i HEAD~5	Rebase last 5 commits
git rebase --continue	Continue after resolving
git rebase --skip	Skip current patch
git rebase --abort	Abort rebase
git rebase --edit-todo	Edit todo list
git rebase --show-current-patch	Show current patch
git rebase --autosquash	Auto squash fixups
git rebase --autostash	Auto stash changes
git rebase --committer-date-is-author-date	Preserve dates
git rebase --ignore-date	Use current date
git rebase --preserve-merges	Preserve merges (deprecated)
git rebase --rebase-merges	Rebase merges
git rebase --root	Rebase all commits
git rebase --fork-point	Use fork point
git rebase --whitespace=fix	Fix whitespace
git rebase --exec "command"	Run command after each commit

SECTION 9: STASHING

Command	Description
git stash	Save uncommitted work
git stash push	Same as stash
git stash push -m "message"	Stash with message
git stash push -u	Include untracked files
git stash push -a	Include ignored files
git stash push -- <file>	Stash specific file
git stash list	List all stashes
git stash show	Show stash changes
git stash show -p	Show full diff
git stash show stash@{1}	Show specific stash
git stash pop	Apply + remove last stash
git stash pop stash@{1}	Apply + remove specific
git stash apply	Apply keep last stash
git stash apply stash@{1}	Apply keep specific
git stash drop	Remove last stash
git stash drop stash@{1}	Remove specific
git stash clear	Remove all stashes
git stash branch <branch>	Create branch from stash
git stash branch <branch> stash@{1}	Branch from specific
git stash create	Create stash entry (low-level)
git stash store	Store stash entry
git stash --keep-index	Stash unstaged only
git stash --include-untracked	Alias for -u
git stash --all	Alias for -a

SECTION 10: REMOTES & SYNCING

Command	Description
git remote	List remotes
git remote -v	List with URLs
git remote show <name>	Show remote info
git remote add <name> <url>	Add remote
git remote rename <old> <new>	Rename remote
git remote remove <name>	Remove remote
git remote set-url <name> <url>	Change URL
git remote set-url --add <name> <url>	Add additional URL
git remote set-url --delete <name> <url>	Delete URL
git remote set-head <name> -a	Set remote HEAD
git remote set-head <name> -d	Delete remote HEAD
git remote prune <name>	Remove stale branches
git remote update	Fetch all remotes
git remote get-url <name>	Get remote URL
git fetch	Fetch from default remote
git fetch <remote>	Fetch from specific remote
git fetch --all	Fetch all remotes
git fetch --prune	Prune after fetch
git fetch --tags	Fetch tags
git fetch --no-tags	Don’t fetch tags
git fetch --depth=1	Shallow fetch
git fetch --unshallow	Convert shallow to full
git fetch origin <branch>	Fetch specific branch
git fetch origin <branch>:<local>	Fetch and create local
git pull	Fetch + merge
git pull --rebase	Fetch + rebase
git pull --ff-only	Fast-forward only
git pull --no-ff	No fast-forward
git pull --autostash	Auto stash before pull
git pull --tags	Also fetch tags
git pull --no-tags	Don’t fetch tags
git pull --depth=1	Shallow pull
git pull --verify-signatures	Verify signatures
git push	Push to default remote
git push origin <branch>	Push branch
git push origin <local>:<remote>	Push with different name
git push -u origin <branch>	Set upstream
git push --all	Push all branches
git push --tags	Push tags
git push --follow-tags	Push commits + tags
git push --force	Force push
git push --force-with-lease	Safer force push
git push --force-if-includes	Force if includes
git push --delete origin <branch>	Delete remote branch
git push origin :<branch>	Delete remote (alternative)
git push --prune	Remove remote branches
git push --mirror	Mirror push
git push --dry-run	Preview push
git push --set-upstream	Same as -u
git push --no-verify	Skip pre-push hooks
git push --receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>	Custom receive pack
git push --exec=<receive-pack>	Same as above

SECTION 11: UNDOING & RESETTING

Command	Description
git reset <file>	Unstage file
git reset	Unstage all
git reset --soft HEAD~1	Undo commit (keep changes staged)
git reset --mixed HEAD~1	Undo commit (keep changes unstaged)
git reset --hard HEAD~1	Undo commit (delete changes)
git reset --hard HEAD	Discard all unstaged changes
git reset --hard <commit>	Reset to specific commit
git reset --soft <commit>	Reset but keep changes staged
git reset --mixed <commit>	Reset but keep changes unstaged
git reset --keep <commit>	Reset if safe
git reset --merge	Reset with merge
git reset --patch	Interactive reset
git checkout -- <file>	Discard file changes
git checkout HEAD -- <file>	Restore from HEAD
git checkout <commit> -- <file>	Restore from commit
git checkout -- .	Discard all changes
git restore <file>	Restore file (new way)
git restore --staged <file>	Unstage (new way)
git restore --source=HEAD --staged --worktree <file>	Full restore
git restore --source=<commit> <file>	Restore from commit
git revert <commit>	Create inverse commit
git revert HEAD~3..HEAD	Revert range
git revert --no-commit <commit>	Revert without committing
git revert --continue	Continue revert
git revert --abort	Abort revert
git revert --edit	Edit revert message
git revert -n	Same as –no-commit
git clean	Remove untracked files
git clean -n	Dry run
git clean -f	Force remove
git clean -fd	Remove directories too
git clean -fx	Remove ignored files too
git clean -fX	Remove only ignored
git clean -i	Interactive clean
git rm --cached <file>	Stop tracking (keep file)
git rm -r --cached <dir>	Stop tracking directory
git update-index --assume-unchanged <file>	Ignore local changes
git update-index --no-assume-unchanged <file>	Revert above
git update-index --skip-worktree <file>	Skip worktree
git update-index --no-skip-worktree <file>	Revert above

SECTION 12: TAGGING

Command	Description
git tag	List tags
git tag -l "v1.*"	List matching pattern
git tag -n	List tags with messages
git tag <name>	Create lightweight tag
git tag -a <name> -m "message"	Create annotated tag
git tag -a <name> <commit>	Tag specific commit
git tag -s <name> -m "message"	GPG signed tag
git tag -d <name>	Delete tag
git tag --delete <name>	Same as above
git push origin <tag>	Push single tag
git push origin --tags	Push all tags
git push origin --follow-tags	Push commits + tags
git push origin :refs/tags/<tag>	Delete remote tag
git push --delete origin <tag>	Delete remote tag
git fetch --tags	Fetch tags
git pull --tags	Pull tags
git tag --contains <commit>	Tags containing commit
git tag --merged <branch>	Tags merged into branch
git tag --points-at <commit>	Tags pointing at commit
git show <tag>	Show tag details
git verify-tag <tag>	Verify GPG signature
git tag --list --format='%(refname:short)'	Custom format

SECTION 13: DIFF & COMPARE

Command	Description
git diff	Unstaged changes
git diff --staged	Staged changes
git diff HEAD	All vs last commit
git diff <commit>	Changes since commit
git diff <commit1> <commit2>	Between commits
git diff <branch1> <branch2>	Between branches
git diff <branch1>..<branch2>	Same as above
git diff <branch1>...<branch2>	Diff from common ancestor
git diff --cached	Same as –staged
git diff --name-only	Only file names
git diff --name-status	Status + names
git diff --stat	Statistics
git diff --shortstat	Short statistics
git diff --numstat	Numeric statistics
git diff --summary	Summary
git diff --check	Check whitespace
git diff --color-words	Word diff
git diff --word-diff	Word diff alternative
git diff --patience	Patience algorithm
git diff --histogram	Histogram algorithm
git diff --minimal	Minimal diff
git diff --ignore-space-at-eol	Ignore EOL whitespace
git diff --ignore-cr-at-eol	Ignore CR at EOL
git diff --ignore-blank-lines	Ignore blank lines
git diff --ignore-all-space	Ignore all whitespace
git diff --ignore-space-change	Ignore whitespace changes
git diff --exit-code	Exit 1 if differences
git diff --quiet	No output, just exit code
git diff --no-index <file1> <file2>	Compare non-git files
git diff -- <file>	Specific file
git diff -- . ':(exclude)*.log'	Exclude pattern
git diff --relative	Relative paths
git diff --patience -- <file>	Combine options
git diff-tree <commit>	Show tree diff
git diff-files	Compare with index
git diff-index <tree>	Compare with tree

SECTION 14: CHERRY-PICK & REBASE

Command	Description
git cherry-pick <commit>	Apply commit to current branch
git cherry-pick <commit1> <commit2>	Multiple commits
git cherry-pick <commit1>..<commit2>	Range of commits
git cherry-pick --continue	Continue after conflict
git cherry-pick --abort	Abort cherry-pick
git cherry-pick --quit	Quit but leave changes
git cherry-pick --no-commit	Apply without committing
git cherry-pick --edit	Edit commit message
git cherry-pick --signoff	Add Signed-off-by
git cherry-pick --keep-redundant-commits	Keep duplicates
git cherry-pick --strategy=recursive -X theirs	Use theirs on conflict
git cherry-pick --strategy=recursive -X ours	Use ours on conflict
git cherry	Find commits not yet applied
git cherry -v	Verbose
git cherry <upstream> <head>	Compare branches
git cherry <upstream>	Compare with current
git format-patch -1 <commit>	Create patch file
git format-patch <commit1>..<commit2>	Create patch series
git apply <patch>	Apply patch
git apply --check <patch>	Check if patch applies
git apply --reject <patch>	Apply with rejects
git apply --3way	3-way merge if needed
git am <patch>	Apply mail patches
git am --continue	Continue after conflict
git am --abort	Abort
git am --skip	Skip current patch
git am --resolved	Mark resolved
git am -3	3-way merge
git am --signoff	Add signoff
git am --keep-cr	Keep carriage returns

SECTION 15: BISECT (BUG FINDING)

Command	Description
git bisect start	Start bisect session
git bisect start <bad> <good>	Start with known bad/good
git bisect bad	Mark current as bad
git bisect bad <commit>	Mark commit as bad
git bisect good <commit>	Mark commit as good
git bisect reset	End bisect session
git bisect replay <log>	Replay previous bisect
git bisect log	Show bisect log
git bisect run <script>	Auto bisect with script
git bisect skip	Skip current commit
git bisect visualize	Visualize with gitk
git bisect terms	Show terms
git bisect terms --term-bad=broken --term-good=working	Custom terms
git bisect next	Move to next commit (low-level)

SECTION 16: SUBMODULES

Command	Description
git submodule add <url>	Add submodule
git submodule add <url> <path>	Add to specific path
git submodule add --branch <branch> <url>	Add with specific branch
git submodule add --name <name> <url>	Custom name
git submodule init	Initialize submodules
git submodule update	Update submodules
git submodule update --remote	Update to remote
git submodule update --init	Init + update
git submodule update --recursive	Update nested
git submodule update --checkout	Checkout commit
git submodule update --rebase	Rebase submodule
git submodule update --merge	Merge submodule
git submodule status	Show submodule status
git submodule foreach <command>	Run command in each
git submodule foreach --recursive <command>	Run recursively
git submodule sync	Sync URLs
git submodule sync --recursive	Sync recursively
git submodule deinit <path>	Unregister submodule
git submodule deinit --all	Unregister all
git submodule set-url <path> <new-url>	Change URL
git submodule absorbgitdirs	Move gitdirs to superproject
git clone --recursive <url>	Clone with submodules
git clone --recurse-submodules <url>	Same as above
git pull --recurse-submodules	Pull with submodules
git push --recurse-submodules=check	Check submodules on push
git push --recurse-submodules=on-demand	Push submodules too

SECTION 17: GITHUB SPECIFIC (gh CLI)

Command	Description
gh auth login	Login to GitHub
gh auth status	Check auth status
gh auth logout	Logout
gh auth refresh	Refresh token
gh repo create <name>	Create repository
gh repo create <name> --public	Public repo
gh repo create <name> --private	Private repo
gh repo create <name> --clone	Clone after create
gh repo create <name> --push	Push after create
gh repo create <name> --template <template>	From template
gh repo clone <repo>	Clone repository
gh repo fork	Fork current repo
gh repo fork --clone	Fork + clone
gh repo view	View repo info
gh repo view --web	Open in browser
gh repo list	List your repos
gh repo list <user>	List user’s repos
gh repo delete	Delete repository
gh repo archive	Archive repo
gh repo unarchive	Unarchive
gh repo rename <new-name>	Rename repo
gh repo sync	Sync fork with upstream
gh repo set-default	Set default repo
gh pr create	Create pull request
gh pr create --title "title" --body "body"	With title+body
gh pr create --draft	Draft PR
gh pr create --fill	Auto fill from commits
gh pr create --base <branch>	Set base branch
gh pr create --head <branch>	Set head branch
gh pr create --assignee @me	Assign yourself
gh pr create --reviewer <user>	Request review
gh pr create --label <label>	Add labels
gh pr create --milestone <name>	Set milestone
gh pr create --project <name>	Add to project
gh pr list	List PRs
gh pr list --state open	Open PRs
gh pr list --state closed	Closed PRs
gh pr list --state merged	Merged PRs
gh pr list --author <user>	Filter by author
gh pr list --assignee <user>	Filter by assignee
gh pr list --reviewer <user>	Filter by reviewer
gh pr list --label <label>	Filter by label
gh pr list --base <branch>	Filter by base
gh pr list --head <branch>	Filter by head
gh pr list --limit 10	Limit results
gh pr view	View current PR
gh pr view <number>	View specific PR
gh pr view --web	Open in browser
gh pr checkout <number>	Checkout PR locally
gh pr diff	Show PR diff
gh pr diff <number>	Show specific PR diff
gh pr merge	Merge current PR
gh pr merge --merge	Merge commit
gh pr merge --squash	Squash merge
gh pr merge --rebase	Rebase merge
gh pr merge --delete-branch	Delete branch after merge
gh pr merge --auto	Auto merge when ready
gh pr review	Review current PR
gh pr review --comment -b "message"	Comment
gh pr review --approve	Approve
gh pr review --request-changes	Request changes
gh pr comment <number> -b "message"	Add comment
gh pr comment --editor	Use editor
gh pr status	Show PR status
gh pr ready <number>	Mark draft as ready
gh pr close <number>	Close PR
gh pr reopen <number>	Reopen PR
gh issue create	Create issue
gh issue create --title "title" --body "body"	With title+body
gh issue create --assignee @me	Assign yourself
gh issue create --label <label>	Add labels
gh issue create --project <name>	Add to project
gh issue create --milestone <name>	Set milestone
gh issue list	List issues
gh issue list --state open	Open issues
gh issue list --state closed	Closed issues
gh issue list --author <user>	Filter by author
gh issue list --assignee <user>	Filter by assignee
gh issue list --label <label>	Filter by label
gh issue list --limit 10	Limit results
gh issue view <number>	View issue
gh issue view --web	Open in browser
gh issue comment <number> -b "message"	Add comment
gh issue close <number>	Close issue
gh issue reopen <number>	Reopen issue
gh issue transfer <number> <repo>	Transfer issue
gh issue lock <number>	Lock issue
gh issue unlock <number>	Unlock issue
gh issue pin <number>	Pin issue
gh issue unpin <number>	Unpin issue
gh gist list	List gists
gh gist list --public	Public gists
gh gist list --secret	Secret gists
gh gist create <file>	Create gist
gh gist create <file> --public	Public gist
gh gist create <file> --desc "description"	With description
gh gist view <id>	View gist
gh gist view --web	Open in browser
gh gist clone <id>	Clone gist
gh gist edit <id> <file>	Edit gist
gh gist delete <id>	Delete gist
gh alias list	List aliases
gh alias set <name> <command>	Create alias
gh alias delete <name>	Delete alias
gh alias import -f <file>	Import aliases
gh alias export	Export aliases
gh config set <key> <value>	Set config
gh config get <key>	Get config
gh config list	List config
gh api <endpoint>	Call GitHub API
gh api --method POST <endpoint> -f key=value	POST request
gh api --paginate	Paginate results
gh api --silent	No output
gh api --template '{{.name}}'	Template output
gh search repos <query>	Search repositories
gh search issues <query>	Search issues
gh search prs <query>	Search PRs
gh search code <query>	Search code
gh search commits <query>	Search commits
gh search topics <query>	Search topics
gh extension list	List extensions
gh extension install <repo>	Install extension
gh extension upgrade <name>	Upgrade extension
gh extension upgrade --all	Upgrade all
gh extension remove <name>	Remove extension
gh extension create <name>	Create extension
gh release list	List releases
gh release create <tag>	Create release
gh release create <tag> --title "title"	With title
gh release create <tag> --notes "notes"	With notes
gh release create <tag> --draft	Draft release
gh release create <tag> --prerelease	Pre-release
gh release create <tag> --target <branch>	Set target
gh release create <tag> <file>	Attach file
gh release view <tag>	View release
gh release download <tag>	Download assets
gh release delete <tag>	Delete release
gh workflow list	List workflows
gh workflow list --all	All workflows
gh workflow view <id>	View workflow
gh workflow run <id>	Run workflow
gh workflow run <id> -f key=value	With inputs
gh workflow enable <id>	Enable workflow
gh workflow disable <id>	Disable workflow
gh run list	List runs
gh run list --workflow <id>	Filter by workflow
gh run view <id>	View run
gh run view <id> --log	View logs
gh run watch <id>	Watch run
gh run rerun <id>	Rerun run
gh run cancel <id>	Cancel run
gh run delete <id>	Delete run
gh codespace list	List codespaces
gh codespace create	Create codespace
gh codespace create --repo <repo>	For specific repo
gh codespace create --branch <branch>	Specific branch
gh codespace ssh <name>	SSH into codespace
gh codespace code <name>	Open in VS Code
gh codespace stop <name>	Stop codespace
gh codespace delete <name>	Delete codespace
gh codespace ports	List forwarded ports
gh codespace ports visibility <port> public	Make port public
gh secret list	List secrets
gh secret set <name>	Set secret
gh secret set <name> -b <value>	Set from clipboard
gh secret set <name> <file	Set from file
gh secret remove <name>	Remove secret
gh secret list --org <org>	Org secrets
gh variable list	List variables
gh variable set <name>	Set variable
gh variable set <name> -b <value>	Set value
gh variable remove <name>	Remove variable
gh label list	List labels
gh label create <name> -c <color>	Create label
gh label edit <name> --new-name <new>	Edit label
gh label delete <name>	Delete label
gh label clone <repo>	Clone labels from repo
gh milestone list	List milestones
gh milestone create <title>	Create milestone
gh milestone create --due-date <date>	With due date
gh milestone delete <number>	Delete milestone
gh project list	List projects
gh project view <number>	View project
gh project create <title>	Create project
gh project delete <number>	Delete project
gh project item-add <number> --url <url>	Add item
gh project item-delete <number>	Delete item
gh project field-create <number> --name <name> --type <type>	Create field
gh project field-delete <number>	Delete field

SECTION 18: GIT HOOKS (Common Hook Names)

Hook Name	Trigger
pre-commit	Before commit
prepare-commit-msg	Before commit message editor
commit-msg	After message is written
post-commit	After commit completes
pre-rebase	Before rebase
post-checkout	After checkout
post-merge	After merge
pre-push	Before push
pre-receive	Server before receive
update	Server per branch
post-receive	Server after receive
post-update	Server after update
pre-auto-gc	Before garbage collection
post-rewrite	After rewrite (rebase/amend)
applypatch-msg	Before applying patch
pre-applypatch	Before applying patch
post-applypatch	After applying patch
sendemail-validate	Before sending email
fsmonitor-watchman	Watchman integration
p4-pre-submit	Perforce before submit
post-index-change	After index changes

SECTION 19: .GITIGNORE PATTERNS

Pattern	Matches
*.log	All .log files
temp/	Directory named temp
/temp	temp in root only
temp	Any file/dir named temp
!keep.log	Except keep.log
*.tmp	All .tmp files
*.swp	Vim swap files
.*.swp	Vim swap (hidden)
node_modules/	Node modules
vendor/	Go/PHP vendor
__pycache__/	Python cache
*.pyc	Python compiled
.env	Environment file
.env.*	Environment files
.DS_Store	Mac metadata
Thumbs.db	Windows thumbnails
dist/	Build output
build/	Build output
target/	Rust/Java build
bin/	Binaries
obj/	Object files
*.exe	Windows executables
*.dll	Dynamic libraries
*.so	Shared objects
*.dylib	Mac libraries
*.o	Object files
coverage/	Test coverage
.coverage	Coverage file
*.log	Logs
*.pid	Process IDs
*.seed	Seed files
*.sock	Sockets
*.lock	Lock files
.vscode/	VS Code settings
.idea/	IntelliJ settings
*.iml	IntelliJ module
.project	Eclipse project
.classpath	Eclipse classpath
.settings/	Eclipse settings
.vs/	Visual Studio
*.suo	Visual Studio
*.user	Visual Studio
*.sln.docstates	Visual Studio
npm-debug.log*	NPM logs
yarn-debug.log*	Yarn logs
yarn-error.log*	Yarn errors
package-lock.json	NPM lock (sometimes)
yarn.lock	Yarn lock (sometimes)
pnpm-lock.yaml	PNPM lock
.terraform/	Terraform
*.tfstate	Terraform state
*.tfstate.*	Terraform state
*.tfvars	Terraform vars
.serverless/	Serverless framework
.serverless_plugins/	Serverless plugins
*.zip	Archives
*.tar	Archives
*.gz	Archives
*.rar	Archives
*.7z	Archives
.env.local	Local env
.env.*.local	Local env files
*.key	Private keys
*.pem	Certificates
*.crt	Certificates
*.p12	PKCS12
*.pfx	PFX certificates
secrets/	Secrets directory
credentials/	Credentials
.secrets	Secrets file
.vault	Vault secrets

SECTION 20: GIT ALIASES (Common Setups)

Alias	Command
git co	checkout
git cob	checkout -b
git br	branch
git st	status -sb
git ci	commit -v
git cia	commit -a -v
git cam	commit -am
git amend	commit --amend -C HEAD
git lg	log --graph --oneline --decorate --all
git lgg	log --graph --oneline --decorate
git hist	log --pretty=format:"%h %ad | %s%d [%an]" --graph --date=short
git unstage	reset HEAD --
git last	log -1 HEAD
git diffc	diff --cached
git ds	diff --staged
git dh	diff HEAD
git incoming	log origin/main..HEAD --oneline
git outgoing	log HEAD..origin/main --oneline
git who	shortlog -sne
git ignore	update-index --assume-unchanged
git unignore	update-index --no-assume-unchanged
git tracked	ls-tree --full-tree -r HEAD
git untracked	ls-files --others --exclude-standard
git tags	tag -ln
git graph	log --graph --oneline --all --decorate --simplify-by-decoration
git tree	log --graph --pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit --all
git fixup	commit --fixup
git squash	commit --squash
git root	rev-parse --show-toplevel
git cleanup	!git branch --merged | grep -v '\\*\\|main\\|master' | xargs -n 1 git branch -d
git fresh	!git reset --hard HEAD && git clean -fd
git undo	reset --soft HEAD^
git redo	reset --soft HEAD@{1}
git wip	!git add -A && git commit -m "WIP"
git unwip	!git log -1 --grep=WIP | grep -q WIP && git reset HEAD^
git pr	!gh pr create --fill
git browse	!gh repo view --web

SECTION 21: ERROR CODES & MEANINGS

Error Code	Meaning
1	General error
128	Invalid arguments/usage
129	Usage error
130	Merge conflict
137	Out of memory
139	Segmentation fault
255	Git internal error

SECTION 22: ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES

Variable	Purpose
GIT_AUTHOR_NAME	Override author name
GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL	Override author email
GIT_AUTHOR_DATE	Override author date
GIT_COMMITTER_NAME	Override committer name
GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL	Override committer email
GIT_COMMITTER_DATE	Override committer date
GIT_EDITOR	Set editor
GIT_PAGER	Set pager
GIT_SSH	SSH command
GIT_SSH_COMMAND	SSH command with options
GIT_ASKPASS	Askpass program
GIT_DIR	.git directory path
GIT_WORK_TREE	Work tree path
GIT_INDEX_FILE	Index file path
GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY	Objects directory
GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES	Alternate object locations
GIT_HTTP_PROXY	HTTP proxy
GIT_HTTPS_PROXY	HTTPS proxy
GIT_NO_PROXY	No proxy domains
GIT_CONFIG_GLOBAL	Global config path
GIT_CONFIG_SYSTEM	System config path
GIT_FLUSH	Flush output
GIT_TRACE	Trace output
GIT_TRACE_PACKET	Packet trace
GIT_TRACE_PERFORMANCE	Performance trace
GIT_TRACE_SETUP	Setup trace
GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY	Merge verbosity
GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES	Ceiling directories
GIT_DISCOVERY_ACROSS_FILESYSTEM	Cross FS discovery
GIT_OPTIONAL_LOCKS	Optional locks
GIT_PAGER_IN_USE	Pager active
GIT_SEQUENCE_EDITOR	Rebase todo editor
GIT_SKIP_TESTS	Skip tests
GIT_TERMINAL_PROMPT	Terminal prompts
GIT_CLONE_PROTECTION_ACTIVE	Clone protection
GIT_PROTOCOL	Protocol version
GIT_NAMESPACE	Namespace
GIT_REFLOG_ACTION	Reflog action
GIT_REF_PARANOIA	Paranoid ref checks

SECTION 23: COMMIT MESSAGE CONVENTIONS (Conventional Commits)

Type	Description
feat:	New feature
fix:	Bug fix
docs:	Documentation
style:	Code style (formatting)
refactor:	Code change that neither fixes bug nor adds feature
perf:	Performance improvement
test:	Adding/updating tests
build:	Build system or dependencies
ci:	CI configuration
chore:	Other changes
revert:	Revert previous commit
BREAKING CHANGE:	Breaking API change

SECTION 24: SEMANTIC VERSIONING (Tags)

Version	Meaning
v1.0.0	Major.Minor.Patch
Major	Breaking changes
Minor	New features (backward compatible)
Patch	Bug fixes
v1.0.0-alpha	Alpha pre-release
v1.0.0-beta	Beta pre-release
v1.0.0-rc.1	Release candidate

SECTION 25: GIT REFERENCE SHORTCUTS

Shortcut	Meaning
HEAD	Current commit
HEAD^	Parent of HEAD
HEAD^^	Grandparent
HEAD~1	1 commit back
HEAD~5	5 commits back
HEAD^2	Second parent (merge)
HEAD~3^2	3 back, then second parent
HEAD@{0}	Current position
HEAD@{1}	Previous position
HEAD@{5.minutes.ago}	Position 5 minutes ago
main~3	3 commits before main
main..feature	Commits in feature not in main
main...feature	Commits in either but not both
feature^@	All parents of feature
feature^!	Feature commit without parents
:/(fix bug)	Commit with message containing “fix bug”
@{u}	Upstream of current branch
@{push}	Push destination
[tag]^{commit}	Dereference tag to commit
[tree]:[path]	File in tree